COP28: Apib Urges Land Demarcation as Primary Climate Commitment and Exposes the Perils of Oil Exploration in Indigenous Territories

20/Dec/2023

Photo: Kamikia Kisedje

The indigenous delegation in Dubai made history as the largest ever at a Climate Conference, called for the recognition of indigenous territory demarcation as a climate policy and denounced Brazil’s inclusion in Opec+ group, highlighting the grave risks posed by oil exploration projects

 COP28 took place in Dubai with the participation of nearly 200 countries and concluded on December 13, a day behind schedule due to negotiations surrounding commitments to reduce fossil fuels in a Climate Conference held, ironically, in one of the world’s major oil-producing regions.

One of Apib’s most urgent demands during COP28 was for the Brazilian government to integrate the existing policy of demarcating indigenous territories into its Nationally Determined Contributions. These contributions are set to be reviewed during COP30 in 2025, which will take place in the city of Belém.

“We leave [Dubai] with the commitment to increasingly press the Brazilian government to implement mechanisms and measures for the protection and demarcation of indigenous territories,” stated Dinamam Tuxá, Executive Coordinator of Apib, in his assessment of COP28. “There is no solution to the climate crisis without Indigenous Peoples and their territories. We need to have our territories demarcated, and we believe our message has reached those it needed to reach,” added Tuxá, referring to the letter that Apib delivered on December 5 to President Lula during a civil society meeting at COP28. The letter underscores the critical importance of ensuring respect for indigenous rights and preventing the advancement of anti-indigenous policies, such as the Marco Temporal Bill, approved on December 14 by the National Congress under Law 14.701/2023.

In addition to the meeting with President Lula, Apib also engaged with Brazil’s negotiators to present its transversal and specific demandsregarding climate negotiations. Key among these demands were the effective participation of Indigenous Peoples in the negotiation process and decision-making and the integration of the policy for demarcation and protection of indigenous territories into Brazil’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). With a sense of relative satisfaction in mobilizing the largest delegation of indigenous representatives from Brazil at a COP, consisting of approximately 60 indigenous civil society representatives, the indigenous movement centered the debate on the crucial role of Indigenous Lands in national and international climate mitigation policies.

Indigenous peoples are central players in the fight against climate change. Through their deep connection to ancestral territories, they safeguard 80% of the planet’s biodiversity, as demonstrated by United Nations studies. Over the past 30 years, Brazil has lost 69 million hectares of native vegetation, according to MapBiomas. However, only 1.6% of this deforestation occurred in indigenous lands. Preserving all biomes and implementing effective policies against climate change is impossible without ensuring the full usufruct of indigenous peoples in their territories.

One of the main outcomes of COP28 was the Global Stocktake, an evaluation mechanism regarding the implementation status of the commitments of the Parties under the Paris Agreement. The final text of the Global Stocktake makes seven references to Indigenous Peoples, addressing the Parties’ responsibility to respect their obligations to the rights of Indigenous Peoples; the participation of Indigenous Peoples in sustainable and just solutions for the climate crisis and in the negotiation process; the implementation of integrated and multisectoral solutions based on the knowledge of Indigenous Peoples; the respect for Indigenous knowledge as a means of protecting cultural heritage in relation to the impacts of climate change; and the strengthening of capacity-building mechanisms to promote the engagement of Indigenous Peoples in both negotiations and the development of climate policies and actions

For all of this to be truly fulfilled, Brazil must begin by ensuring access to territories as the foremost non-negotiable right for its indigenous populations, as well as respect the ILO Convention 169, which mandates free, prior, and informed consultation regarding projects that impact indigenous territories. Likewise, agreements related to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement must establish complaint mechanisms that are genuinely accessible to Indigenous Peoples. “The text [of the Global Stocktake Report] reflects a political commitment that now needs to be demonstrated in practice. We are not satisfied with having Indigenous Peoples merely mentioned. This [effective participation] requires the inclusion of indigenous peoples in decision-making spaces, benefiting from direct funding, and influencing government policies,” emphasizes Kleber Karipuna, Executive Coordinator of Apib.

 New Oil Projects in Indigenous Lands: A Contradiction in the Fight Against Climate Change 

 Following difficulties in reaching consensus in the negotiations, the final text of COP28 proposed a reduction in global fossil fuel consumption. However, a significant portion of negotiators and civil society feels a certain degree of failure due to the absence of a more assertive and specific mention of the gradual elimination of the use of oil, gas, and coal, rather than just reduction. COP28 set a record for the accreditation of representatives from the oil sector, with 2,456 registered participants.

One of the major contradictions regarding Brazil’s climate stance was the country’s inclusion in the Opec+ group (an extension of the central Opec group, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). This move raises concerns among Indigenous Peoples regarding the fossil fuel exploration in their territories, in addition to the climate impacts of such activities. “We leave [COP28 in Dubai] a bit dismayed, understanding that in this COP, even though Brazil played a leading role in climate negotiations, the country joined the Opec+ group. This goes against what is even being discussed: a just energy transition,” explained Tuxá.

The proposal to eliminate the use of fossil fuels was initially included in the draft text of the COP28 agreement but was removed after pressure from Opec and Opec+ associated countries, who voted to eliminate that commitment. The proposal in the final text contradicts the goal of keeping global warming at 1.5º because, as scientists warn, the only path to achieving this is carbon neutrality by 2050, which involves phasing out the use of fossil fuels entirely.

Brazil contributed to the scenario of contradictions that characterized this edition of the Climate Conference, as in addition to the country’s accession to OPEC+, on the same day as the closure of COP28 (December 13), a fossil fuel project auction took place in Rio de Janeiro. The 4th cycle of the Permanent Offer by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP) offered a total of 602 oil blocks and an area with marginal accumulation, totaling an area of 183,569 km². According to data from the Arayara Institute, 15 of these exploratory blocks impact 156 million hectares (47,000 km²) of indigenous lands.

In the Direct Influence Area (AID) of these projects, a total of 23 Indigenous Lands from 9 ethnic groups are affected: Sateré Mawé, Mundukuru, Mura, isolated communities of Pitinga/Nhamunda-Mapuera, isolated communities of Rio Kaxpakuru/Igarapé Água Fria, Kahyana, Katxuyana, Tunayana, and Xokleng, with an estimated affected population of 21,910 indigenous individuals. These indigenous lands are predominantly located in the Legal Amazon region (63.64% of the blocks) in the Amazon Basin (states of AM and PA), as well as in the State of Santa Catarina.

Of these 23 blocks impacting Indigenous Lands, two belong to isolated indigenous communities. Imagine the structures that will be set up next to indigenous territories, in Protected Areas, in quilombola territories, and in the territories of all traditional communities in Brazil. It’s important for us to come together and make a commitment: on the 13th, I won’t participate in the ‘L’ for auction, oil, and gas in my territory,” declared Kretã Kaingang, Executive Coordinator of Apib, who attended the ANP auction in Rio de Janeiro, making a reference to the “Faz o L” manifestation by supporters of President Lula during his election campaign.

The exploration, drilling, extraction, transportation, and even refining and consumption of fossil fuels cause environmental devastation, violence, and local impoverishment. In all phases, there is deforestation and degradation of ecosystems, contamination of water bodies, acid rain resulting from the burning of associated petroleum gas, unbearable noise, and pollution. These facts extend to the natural networks of water and air circulation, as explained by the Arayara Institute.

“In the first term of Lula’s government in 2000, he ratified ILO Convention 169, which grants us the right to free, prior, and informed consultation. For today’s auction, we were not consulted; no affected traditional population was consulted. During COP28, Lula delivered an emotional speech, shedding tears, and talked about reducing deforestation. However, with all the impacts of these oil projects being discussed with the world’s largest oil companies to establish themselves in indigenous territories, why weren’t we, the indigenous peoples standing at the hotel door where the meeting is taking place, allowed to enter?” questions Kaingang at the door of the Windsor Barra Hotel in the capital of Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil, under Lula, which was once a global reference in climate policies, will need to work hard to clarify its contradictions, question whether it continues to tarnish its international image with its membership in the so-called oil cartel Opec+, and fulfill its commitments and goals, including respecting Indigenous Lands, which are guardians of biomes and a significant portion of biodiversity. The country has two years to define a leadership position before COP30 in 2025, organized by Brazil in the city of Belém, where countries will have the significant responsibility of reviewing their climate targets, the NDCs. However, Apib questions the effectiveness of Brazil’s climate commitments as long as policies for the demarcation and protection of territories are not at the center of this debate.

For more information and interview scheduling, please contact:

E-mail: [email protected]

Communication Coordination – Samela Sateré Mawé: +55 (92) 98285 5077

International Coordination:  +55 (65) 99686 6289 / +55 (21) 96665 5518 / +55 (92) 99430-3762

Apib launches the Indigenous Emergency campaign at COP28 and makes an international call for the importance of Indigenous Lands in the global climate future

29/Nov/2023

Photo: Kamikia Kisedje/ Apib

The government of Brazil has changed, but the Indigenous Peoples, primary guardians of all Brazilian biomes, continue to face threats

The Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (Apib) is participating in the Conference of the Parties on Climate (COP28) in Dubai urgently to relaunch the ‘Indigenous Emergency’ campaign. “We need to denounce that our lives are in danger, the demarcation of Indigenous Lands is being questioned, and the global climate future is at risk. The Congress is pushing forward bills and constitutional amendments that seek to legalize the plunder of our lands and nature in general. It is a legislated Indigenous genocide project,” warns Dinamam Tuxá, executive coordinator of Apib. The first campaign took place during the Covid-19 crisis under the Bolsonaro government, which deeply threatened the lives and fundamental rights of Indigenous peoples. The virus may have passed, but the far-right continues to act against the rights of Indigenous Peoples.

Will Lula fulfill his climate and Indigenous people’s political promises?

The current president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, before taking office, was hailed at COP27 as a “savior,” not only for Brazil but for the global climate future, as there were international concerns about the destructive environmental policies of the former president, Jair Bolsonaro. Brazil is the world’s second-largest country, after Russia, in terms of remaining 

forested areas and is a global leader in water resources, holding 12% of the world’s freshwater reserves, mostly preserved within demarcated Indigenous Lands, as studies demonstrate.

In acknowledgment of Brazil’s crucial role in the global climate scenario and in support of the ancestral rights of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, Lula pledged during the Free Land Encampment (Acampamento Terra Livre) in April 2023 in Brasilia to demarcate all Indigenous Lands still in process by the end of his term. “We, Indigenous Peoples of Apib, supported the election of the current President, but on the occasion of this COP, we need to warn that the demarcation of our lands is at risk, and there is no solution to the current climate crisis without Indigenous Peoples,” emphasizes Tuxá.

Although the Bolsonaro-led far-right anti-Indigenous government has left the Brazilian executive power, it still holds sway in the legislative branch, maintaining a significant majority. Threats to Indigenous Peoples persist, promoted and executed by sectors associated with the far-right. Groups financing campaigns of lawmakers aiming to undermine Indigenous rights to favor national and international agribusiness companies continue to pose a threat.

Lula, who established the first Ministry of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, couldn’t prevent the progression of certain projects that have now become law. The former controversial PL 2,903/2023, now the Law 14,701/2023 that has come into effect in October 20, threatens the exclusive use of Indigenous Peoples in their lands in case of conflicts of interest with national sovereignty defense policies and legalizes cooperation with non-Indigenous individuals for resource exploitation in Indigenous Lands.

The ruralist thesis of the Time Frame (Marco Temporal) and other points of PL 2903, violating the rights of Indigenous Peoples, were vetoed by Lula. However, lawmakers mobilized by the Parliamentary Agriculture Front (Frente Parlamentar de Agropecuária, FPA) are preparing to overturn the President’s vetoes. The vote, initially scheduled for November 23, has been postponed and remains without a defined date so far.

“Without a majority in the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, the Lula government needs to negotiate to pass structuring proposals for its current administration, such as the recently approved tax reform. But at what cost? The bargaining chip to pass such a reform has been Indigenous rights,” emphasizes Kleber Karipuna, executive coordinator of Apib.

“We reinforce that our rights are non-negotiable: the Time Frame thesis violates the Constitution, as recently determined by the Federal Supreme Court. These bills progress alongside proposals to amend the Constitution to legalize activities that violate Indigenous rights, such as mining in Indigenous lands,” adds Karipuna.

While anti-Indigenous proposals advance, the National Congress aims to internationally portray Brazil as environmentally friendly through the approval in the Chamber of the so-called “green agenda”. It includes pending measures such as the “future fuel” project to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including a proposal for carbon storage credit regulation, the National Green Diesel Program, and the National Sustainable Aviation Fuel Program, among other measures.

Who will defend the rights of Indigenous peoples in Brazil at COP28?

“While President Lula balances the forces for national governance and outlines his international speech for COP28, likely to be applauded alongside the brilliant speeches of many other leaders and negotiators, we Indigenous Peoples struggle and resist every day. Speeches do not save us from colonialist projects and the voracious advance of agribusiness. We, Indigenous Peoples, fight not to die and to continue living with our rivers and forests alive in all our standing biomes,” emphasizes Karipuna.

For all these reasons, a commission of Apib leaders is currently in Dubai, and together with the seven regional grassroots organizations, they launch the 2nd edition of the Indigenous Emergency campaign with the theme “Rights are non-negotiable. Demarcation Now!” On Friday, December 1, the second day of the Climate Summit 2023, Apib is going to be a part of the press conference “Indigenous Leadership and Launch of the Indigenous Emergency Campaign.” On Tuesday (5), they are going to be present in the panel discussion “Brazil towards COP30: Indigenous and local community protagonism in confronting the climate crisis.”

It is essential that the voices of Indigenous Peoples be heard in this context of climate policy negotiations; for this reason, Dinanam Tuxá, Executive Coordinator of Apib, will participate on Friday (8) in the Ministerial Event – Launch of the FCLP Dialogue Platform – Indigenous peoples and local communities as leaders of action to halt and reverse forest loss, where heads of States, ministers, and decisive negotiators of COP28 will be present. On the same day, the Apib Fund will be launched during the event “Climate Financing Ecosystem for Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: The unique network of funds managed by Indigenous Peoples.” 

Check Apib’s full agenda at COP28 in Dubai

Apib denounces the Indigenous emergency situation in Brazil and reaffirms this urgency in a new manifesto in defense of life and the guarantee of the rights of Indigenous Peoples, deeply threatened by the current advance of ruralists and politicians with agribusiness interests. The manifesto will be delivered to Lula during COP28 and sent to public authorities and civil society actors to highlight the violation of rights and the threats faced by Indigenous peoples.

Additionally, Apib has created the Indigenous Emergency Committee, where Indigenous leaders and other representatives, appointed by Apib’s regional grassroots organizations, will report and discuss threats occurring weekly in territories, streets, networks, and the state.

WE DECIDED NOT TO DIE!

Read the manifesto:

[Portuguese]

https://apiboficial.org/2023/11/14/emergencia-indigena-direitos-nao-se-negociam/

[Spanish]

https://apiboficial.org/2023/11/14/emergencia-indigena-los-derechos-no-se-negocian/?lang=es

[English]

https://apiboficial.org/2023/11/14/indigenous-emergency-rights-are-non-negotiable/?lang=en

Follow the Indigenous Emergency website available in three languages:

[Portuguese]  https://emergenciaindigena.apiboficial.org

[Spanish]  https://emergenciaindigena.apiboficial.org/es/

[English] https://emergenciaindigena.apiboficial.org/en/

For more information and to schedule interviews, you can contact the Apib press service:

[email protected]

Communication management – Samela Sateré Mawé – +55 (92) 98285 5077

International communication service:  +55 (65) 99686 6289 / +55 (21) 96665 5518 / +55 (92) 99430-3762

The stuggle continues: Lula’s partial veto does not represent a victory

26/Oct/2023

• Although the Time Frame thesis was one of the points vetoed by President Lula, the National Congress still has the power to reverse the vetoes.

• Furthermore, the President approved certain measures from PL 2903 that threaten the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples over their lands and the global climate future.

Contrary to the Indigenous movement’s demand for a complete veto of PL 2.903/2023, President Lula announced his partial veto on October 20th. Therefore, the presidential decision removes the Time Frame from the proposal, as well as the cultivation of genetically modified species in Indigenous Lands; the construction of major infrastructure projects, such as hydroelectric plants and highways, without prior, free, and informed consultation; and the relaxation of policies protecting Indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation. On the other hand, two of the measures in PL approved by the President relax the exclusive use of Indigenous peoples over their territories, which are considered critical by the Apib.

In 2023, Bill 2,903/2023 represented one of the greatest threats to the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil. It was conceived based on anti-Indigenous principles and approved by the National Congress under the influence of the ruralist caucus. For this reason, Apib called for the total veto of the project that prioritizes large landowners’ interests at the expense of Indigenous rights.

Last Friday (20), President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced that he would veto certain aspects of the bill, including the proposal to establish the Temporal Marker, but he approved other threatening provisions for Indigenous Peoples. This includes the loss of exclusive use of their lands due to defense or national sovereignty interests in the land, as well as economic cooperation activities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.

These measures went into effect on October 20, under Law 14,701/2023. The remaining vetoed aspects will be reviewed on 9th November by a joint committee of senators and deputies who will decide whether to accept or annul the measures vetoed by Lula.

Which aspects of Bill 2,903/2023 were vetoed by Lula?

• Time Frame: the thesis that Indigenous Peoples need to prove their presence on their ancestral lands on the date of the promulgation of the Federal Constitution on October 5, 1988, to be entitled to recognition and demarcation as Indigenous Land, was overturned. The Time Frame thesis had already been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Federal Court (STF) on September 27, 2023.

• Compensation for invaders and illegal occupants of recognized Indigenous territories.

• Annulment of the demarcation of an Indigenous Land and expropriation due to the “alteration of cultural characteristics” of the Indigenous community.

• Installation of equipment and communication networks, as well as the construction of infrastructure in Indigenous Lands, such as roads and transportation routes.

• Cultivation of genetically modified organisms in Indigenous Lands.

• Forced contact with Indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation.

Permission to establish military bases, units, military posts, or military interventions in Indigenous Lands.

• Exploitation of resources for energy generation, energy projects in general, and extraction of natural resources without prior, free, and informed consultation of affected communities or the competent federal Indigenous agency.

What are the next steps for the analysis of the vetoes?

Apib emphasizes that the Indigenous movement’s demand was for Lula to fully veto Bill 2,903/2023. In this context, we are alerting about the need for the partial vetoes to be upheld by lawmakers. Senators and deputies will form a mixed committee to review the points vetoed by Lula. The date for such an assessment has not been determined yet, but the ruralist caucus (Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária) has already issued an official statement claiming to have enough votes to overturn all vetoes in the National Congress.

The struggle, therefore, is not over. Apib warns of the need to continue mobilizing because if these vetoes are annulled by Congress, they will be officially included as part of Law 14,701/2023. This threatens the survival of Indigenous Peoples, violates the guidelines of the UN Human Rights Committee of which Brazil is a signatory, and jeopardizes the global climate future. Only the Supreme Federal Court (STF) could reconsider the constitutionality of the law through a new judicial process.

Which measures were not vetoed and are threatening Indigenous Peoples and the fight against the climate crisis?

PL 2903 has already come into effect as Law 14,701/2023 with the provisions that were not vetoed by President Lula. Among them, there are still various threats to Indigenous Peoples, biodiversity, and the guarantee of climate balance provided by Indigenous Lands. Among the non-vetoed points, two are critical as they open the door to violations of Indigenous rights:

• Article 20 states that exclusive use of Indigenous Land does not override the interest of defense and national sovereignty policy.

• Article 26 deals with cooperation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people for the exploitation of economic activities, which can increase pressure from third parties to relax the rights of Indigenous Peoples to exclusive enjoyment of their lands.

We assert that Article 20 is dangerous, as it could similarly provide a loophole to mitigate exclusive use, based on the generic concept of “defense policy interest,” justifying military interventions in the territories. It is also relevant to consider that there are already 96,000 hectares of overlapping areas with Indigenous lands illegally, and this supposed cooperation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people will not be peaceful or free from high costs to the autonomy and preservation of Indigenous ways of life. Furthermore, we reinforce that Indigenous Peoples are protected by Article 231, §6o, of the Constitution, which stipulates that the relevant interest of the Union should be determined by a Complementary Law, not an Ordinary Law, as is the case with Law 14,701/2023.

Questioning the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples in their territories is one of the factors contributing to the increase in land conflicts in Brazil. The Report on Violence Against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil in 2022 demonstrated that between 2019 and 2022, 795 Indigenous people were recorded as murdered during Jair Bolsonaro’s government, representing a 54% increase compared to the governments of Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer, with most of these crimes directly related to territorial conflicts. Apib believes that this significant increase in violence is directly related to the speeches promoted by then-President Bolsonaro against Indigenous territorial rights, combined with the complete dismantling of Indigenous policy during this period.

Similarly, deforestation and the destruction of biodiversity in Indigenous Lands represent an international threat to the global climate balance. In the last 30 years, Brazil lost 69 million hectares of native vegetation. However, only 1.6% of this deforestation was recorded in Indigenous Lands. Furthermore, Indigenous territories house 80% of the planet’s biodiversity but are threatened by the advance of agribusiness and extractive industries, development, and tourism, as highlighted in the UN State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples report published in 2021.

Therefore, Apib warns that the impacts of Law 14,701/2023 and the potential overturning of the presidential vetoes on PL 2903 will have consequences not only for Indigenous Peoples but also global repercussions for climate balance. It is impossible to establish consistent national policies and international agreements against climate change without ensuring full enjoyment of Indigenous Peoples in their territories. Hence, our struggle continues.

Brazil may violate its commitments with the UN Human Rights Committee if Lula doesn’t veto the entire Bill 2903

19/Oct/2023

The UN Committee recommends that the Brazilian state rejects the Time Frame thesis

The enactment of Bill 2,903/2023, which questions the demarcation of Indigenous Lands (TIs) with the Time Frame thesis and seeks to authorize the construction of infrastructure in TIs without prior consultation, among other proposals, makes it impossible to comply with the recently published recommendations of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) of the UN. The Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR) recommends that the Brazilian state expedite the demarcation, regularization, and titling of the territories of Indigenous Peoples and reject the application and institutionalization of the Time Frame thesis, among other recommendations. Therefore, if President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva promulgates this Bill, he will be violating the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil and also failing to fulfill the binding commitments of the Covenant.

The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), monitored by the CESCR, of which Brazil has been a signatory since 1992, presented its conclusions on October 13th regarding the country’s third periodic report, submitted by the federal government and supplemented by consultations with civil society organizations and movements. In this context, the Apib submitted a document with various complaints about the violation of Indigenous Peoples’ Human Rights.

Regarding the current situation of Indigenous rights violations in Brazil, the Committee recommended in its report: expediting the demarcation of Indigenous Lands; rejecting the Time Frame thesis; establishing legally binding protocols for the exercise of the right to prior, free, and informed consent on any decision affecting Indigenous populations; adopting measures against deforestation; protecting water resources polluted by activities such as mining; and ensuring non-discrimination based on race or culture against Indigenous Peoples, among other recommendations.

The recommendations from the Committee’s report (CESCR) aim to ensure the respect for human rights by the State Parties and provide guidance for the implementation of the Covenant (ICESCR), to which Brazil is a signatory. Therefore, compliance with the Covenant is binding for Brazil since the country ratified it. Article 1 of the Covenant guarantees the right to self-determination, economic, social, and cultural development, and free access to wealth, natural resources, and means of subsistence for all peoples. Many of the proposals in Bill 2903 clearly violate these conditions.

These recommendations issued by the CESCR regarding the rights of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil align with the recommendations issued by the Human Rights Committee concerning the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) in September 2023. Brazil also underwent a review by the CCPR this year, and after a report submitted by Apib and other organizations, this Committee also expressed its concerns about rights violations resulting from the potential legalization of the Time Frame thesis. Therefore, the promulgation of Bill 2903 would be a violation of Brazil’s commitments to both Committees, as well as other international treaties to which the country is a signatory.

For more information:

Report from the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) (October 13)
Report of complaints submitted by Apib for Brazil’s third periodic report to the CESCR (September 20)
Report from the Human Rights Committee regarding the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) (September 6)
Report of complaints submitted by Apib for Brazil’s third periodic report to the CCPR (June 19)

What are the recommendations from the CESCR report that Lula will violate if he does not fully veto Bill 2903: